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Abstract
Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago with more than 17,000 islands and a population of 278.7 million, making it the fourth-most populated country in the world. With a GDP of 2.46% or 3,418.9 billion USD, Indonesia has one of the lowest levels of per capita health spending relative to income among countries at a similar level of income. To serve and provide healthcare for the entire population, the Indonesian government created the national comprehensive healthcare system known as Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) launched in 2014. JKN is a type of National Health Insurance with a single-payer, the government, and multiple health care providers such as government and private clinics, hospitals, and doctors. The national comprehensive healthcare system (JKN) has shown many benefits to Indonesian people, especially to the poorest populations. However, the system has created difficulties and uneasiness for some groups of people.
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