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Abstract
The globalization project, despite its promise, caused economic, political, environmental, and social harm, exacerbated by neoliberal policies favoring private sectors and resource extraction from the global South. In response, "homeland economics" aimed to balance globalization's benefits with national security but fell short in addressing climate change and inequality. This study examines the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) worldwide, highlighting disparities due to differing economic contexts, using several countries as examples. The paper also emphasizes the interconnectedness of SDGs and climate change, arguing that sustainable development can mitigate climate impacts while promoting equality. Successful local efforts in Mexico, Tanzania, and Nepal showcase the potential of strong local institutions. The paper calls for multidimensional, cross-sectoral strategies and enhanced local capacities to achieve the 2030 SDG targets, moving beyond business-as-usual methods to address global sustainability challenges effectively.
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