Adaptation Strategy in Addressing US Import Tariffs to Maintain Indonesian Exports

Abstract

This study elaborates on adaptation strategies of how stakeholders in Indonesia address US import tariffs. Through a comprehensive literature review, conceptual framework and empirical juridical research, this paper examines the progress of US import tariff law and regulations which were issued by the US President Trump administration (volume 2). The study aims to analyze how these tariffs have affected Indonesian exports and to identify the practical, legal, and policy-level adjustments made by business entities (exporters), government institutions, and trade associations to mitigate the impact. Using a combination of comprehensive literature review, conceptual framework development, and empirical juridical research methods, the study delves into the legal evolution of US import tariffs under the Trump administration and their implications for Indonesian trade dynamics.

The research reveals that the US tariff policies—driven by protectionist trade agendas—have challenged Indonesia's export competitiveness, particularly in sectors such as textiles, rubber, palm oil, and electronics. Indonesian stakeholders have responded through various strategies, including market diversification, trade diplomacy, renegotiation of trade agreements, compliance with non-tariff measures, and the enhancement of product value and certification standards.

The study contributes to understanding Indonesia’s legal and strategic responses to unilateral US tariff increases, this research offers insights into how developing countries can adapt to disruptive changes in the global trade environment. The findings underscore the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration and proactive legal strategies to sustain export performance amid shifting global trade policies. This research ultimately aims to inform policymakers, trade negotiators, and industry players on effective frameworks for managing future tariff-related challenges.